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The following is a step-by-step guide for beginners interested in learning Python using Windows 10.
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Set up your development environment
Feb 17, 2020 Python is an interpreted language, which means you can run the program as soon as you make changes to the file. This makes iterating, revising, and troubleshooting programs much quicker than many other languages. Python is one of the easier languages to learn, and you can have a basic program up and running in just a few minutes. For most Unix systems, you must download and compile the source code. The same source code archive can also be used to build the Windows and Mac versions, and is the starting point for ports to all other platforms. Download the latest Python 3 and Python 2 source.
For beginners who are new to Python, we recommend you install Python from the Microsoft Store. Installing via the Microsoft Store uses the basic Python3 interpreter, but handles set up of your PATH settings for the current user (avoiding the need for admin access), in addition to providing automatic updates. This is especially helpful if you are in an educational environment or a part of an organization that restricts permissions or administrative access on your machine.
If you are using Python on Windows for web development, we recommend a different set up for your development environment. Rather than installing directly on Windows, we recommend installing and using Python via the Windows Subsystem for Linux. For help, see: Get started using Python for web development on Windows. If you're interested in automating common tasks on your operating system, see our guide: Get started using Python on Windows for scripting and automation. For some advanced scenarios (like needing to access/modify Python's installed files, make copies of binaries, or use Python DLLs directly), you may want to consider downloading a specific Python release directly from python.org or consider installing an alternative, such as Anaconda, Jython, PyPy, WinPython, IronPython, etc. We only recommend this if you are a more advanced Python programmer with a specific reason for choosing an alternative implementation.
Install Python
To install Python using the Microsoft Store:
- Go to your Start menu (lower left Windows icon), type 'Microsoft Store', select the link to open the store.
- Once the store is open, select Search from the upper-right menu and enter 'Python'. Open 'Python 3.7' from the results under Apps. Select Get.
- Once Python has completed the downloading and installation process, open Windows PowerShell using the Start menu (lower left Windows icon). Once PowerShell is open, enter
Python --version
to confirm that Python3 has installed on your machine. - The Microsoft Store installation of Python includes pip, the standard package manager. Pip allows you to install and manage additional packages that are not part of the Python standard library. To confirm that you also have pip available to install and manage packages, enter
pip --version
.
Install Visual Studio Code
By using VS Code as your text editor / integrated development environment (IDE), you can take advantage of IntelliSense (a code completion aid), Linting (helps avoid making errors in your code), Debug support (helps you find errors in your code after you run it), Code snippets (templates for small reusable code blocks), and Unit testing (testing your code's interface with different types of input).
VS Code also contains a built-in terminal that enables you to open a Python command line with Windows Command prompt, PowerShell, or whatever you prefer, establishing a seamless workflow between your code editor and command line.
- To install VS Code, download VS Code for Windows: https://code.visualstudio.com.
- Once VS Code has been installed, you must also install the Python extension. To install the Python extension, you can select the VS Code Marketplace link or open VS Code and search for Python in the extensions menu (Ctrl+Shift+X).
- Python is an interpreted language, and in order to run Python code, you must tell VS Code which interpreter to use. We recommend sticking with Python 3.7 unless you have a specific reason for choosing something different. Once you've installed the Python extension, select a Python 3 interpreter by opening the Command Palette (Ctrl+Shift+P), start typing the command Python: Select Interpreter to search, then select the command. You can also use the Select Python Environment option on the bottom Status Bar if available (it may already show a selected interpreter). The command presents a list of available interpreters that VS Code can find automatically, including virtual environments. If you don't see the desired interpreter, see Configuring Python environments.
- To open the terminal in VS Code, select View > Terminal, or alternatively use the shortcut Ctrl+` (using the backtick character). The default terminal is PowerShell.
- Inside your VS Code terminal, open Python by simply entering the command:
python
- Try the Python interpreter out by entering:
print('Hello World')
. Python will return your statement 'Hello World'.
Install Git (optional)
If you plan to collaborate with others on your Python code, or host your project on an open-source site (like GitHub), VS Code supports version control with Git. The Source Control tab in VS Code tracks all of your changes and has common Git commands (add, commit, push, pull) built right into the UI. You first need to install Git to power the Source Control panel.
- Download and install Git for Windows from the git-scm website.
- An Install Wizard is included that will ask you a series of questions about settings for your Git installation. We recommend using all of the default settings, unless you have a specific reason for changing something.
- If you've never worked with Git before, GitHub Guides can help you get started.
Hello World tutorial for some Python basics
Python, according to its creator Guido van Rossum, is a “high-level programming language, and its core design philosophy is all about code readability and a syntax which allows programmers to express concepts in a few lines of code.”
Python is an interpreted language. In contrast to compiled languages, in which the code you write needs to be translated into machine code in order to be run by your computer's processor, Python code is passed straight to an interpreter and run directly. You just type in your code and run it. Let's try it!
- With your PowerShell command line open, enter
python
to run the Python 3 interpreter. (Some instructions prefer to use the commandpy
orpython3
, these should also work). You will know that you're successful because a >>> prompt with three greater-than symbols will display. - There are several built-in methods that allow you to make modifications to strings in Python. Create a variable, with:
variable = 'Hello World!'
. Press Enter for a new line. - Print your variable with:
print(variable)
. This will display the text 'Hello World!'. - Find out the length, how many characters are used, of your string variable with:
len(variable)
. This will display that there are 12 characters used. (Note that the blank space it counted as a character in the total length.) - Synergy analysis software for mac. Convert your string variable to upper-case letters:
variable.upper()
. Now convert your string variable to lower-case letters:variable.lower()
. - Count how many times the letter 'l' is used in your string variable:
variable.count('l')
. - Search for a specific character in your string variable, let's find the exclamation point, with:
variable.find('!')
. This will display that the exclamation point is found in the 11th position character of the string. - Apple mac fan control software. Replace the exclamation point with a question mark:
variable.replace('!', '?')
. - To exit Python, you can enter
exit()
,quit()
, or select Ctrl-Z.
Hope you had fun using some of Python's built-in string modification methods. Now try creating a Python program file and running it with VS Code.
Hello World tutorial for using Python with VS Code
The VS Code team has put together a great Getting Started with Python tutorial walking through how to create a Hello World program with Python, run the program file, configure and run the debugger, and install packages like matplotlib and numpy to create a graphical plot inside a virtual environment.
- Open PowerShell and create an empty folder called 'hello', navigate into this folder, and open it in VS Code:
- Once VS Code opens, displaying your new hello folder in the left-side Explorer window, open a command line window in the bottom panel of VS Code by pressing Ctrl+` (using the backtick character) or selecting View > Terminal. By starting VS Code in a folder, that folder becomes your 'workspace'. VS Code stores settings that are specific to that workspace in .vscode/settings.json, which are separate from user settings that are stored globally.
- Continue the tutorial in the VS Code docs: Create a Python Hello World source code file.
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Create a simple game with Pygame
Pygame is a popular Python package for writing games - encouraging students to learn programming while creating something fun. Pygame displays graphics in a new window, and so it will not work under the command-line-only approach of WSL. However, if you installed Python via the Microsoft Store as detailed in this tutorial, it will work fine.
- Once you have Python installed, install pygame from the command line (or the terminal from within VS Code) by typing
python -m pip install -U pygame --user
. - Test the installation by running a sample game :
python -m pygame.examples.aliens
- All being well, the game will open a window. Close the window when you are done playing.
Here's how to start writing your own game.
- Open PowerShell (or Windows Command Prompt) and create an empty folder called 'bounce'. Navigate to this folder and create a file named 'bounce.py'. Open the folder in VS Code:
- Using VS Code, enter the following Python code (or copy and paste it):
- Save it as:
bounce.py
. - From the PowerShell terminal, run it by entering:
python bounce.py
.
Try adjusting some of the numbers to see what effect they have on your bouncing ball.
Read more about writing games with pygame at pygame.org.
Resources for continued learning
We recommend the following resources to support you in continuing to learn about Python development on Windows.
Online courses for learning Python
- Introduction to Python on Microsoft Learn: Try the interactive Microsoft Learn platform and earn experience points for completing this module covering the basics on how to write basic Python code, declare variables, and work with console input and output. The interactive sandbox environment makes this a great place to start for folks who don't have their Python development environment set up yet.
- Python on Pluralsight: 8 Courses, 29 Hours: The Python learning path on Pluralsight offers online courses covering a variety of topics related to Python, including a tool to measure your skill and find your gaps.
- LearnPython.org Tutorials: Get started on learning Python without needing to install or set anything up with these free interactive Python tutorials from the folks at DataCamp.
- The Python.org Tutorials: Introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and features of the Python language and system.
- Learning Python on Lynda.com: A basic introduction to Python.
Working with Python in VS Code
- Editing Python in VS Code: Learn more about how to take advantage of VS Code's autocomplete and IntelliSense support for Python, including how to customize their behvior.. or just turn them off.
- Linting Python: Linting is the process of running a program that will analyse code for potential errors. Learn about the different forms of linting support VS Code provides for Python and how to set it up.
- Debugging Python: Debugging is the process of identifying and removing errors from a computer program. This article covers how to initialize and configure debugging for Python with VS Code, how to set and validate breakpoints, attach a local script, perform debugging for different app types or on a remote computer, and some basic troubleshooting.
- Unit testing Python: Covers some background explaining what unit testing means, an example walkthrough, enabling a test framework, creating and running your tests, debugging tests, and test configuration settings.
Python is a programming language written by a person called Guido van Rossum in the 1990s. Programming languages allow you to control what a computer does and the way it does it.
Some of the things that make Python totes awesome (also known as “really helpful and lots of fun”) are:
- Python code is easy to read and understand. Its beauty means you don’t even notice the way Python makes complex things simple. This makes Python easy to learn, which makes it perfect for kids.
- Python is productive. It makes tough tasks simple. Almost any programming task is easier with Python than it is with other programming languages. Computer types call this RAD (for Rapid Application Development).
- Python is dangerous. It has a lot of power. But with great power comes great responsibility. (Remember Spider-Man?) And you’ll have to use your powers for good, not evil. (If you want to use them for evil, you have to stop reading now.)
- Python is a scripting language. The programs are fed into Python’s interpreter, which runs them directly, so there’s no compiling (which is the case for some other languages). It is faster and easier to get feedback on your Python code (finding errors, for example). Python means you complete and execute (run) your programs faster and that makes programming fun!
- Python is cross platform. Almost anyone can use it, no matter what computer operating system they have. You can run pretty much any Python program on Windows, Mac, and Linux personal computers and from large servers through to tiny computers like the Raspberry Pi. You can even run Python programs on Android and iOS tablets.
- Python uses dynamic typing for its variables. This may not mean much to you if you’ve never done programming before. Dynamically typed variables make programming easier because they let you just start using a variable, rather than first explaining to the computer what the variable is supposed to be.
- Python gets lots of help from third-party modules. This means that a lot of other people (third parties) have written libraries. A library is a bunch of code for doing something specific. This makes your work easier because you don’t have to start from scratch every time you write a new program; sometimes you can use the libraries already written.
- Python is free software. This means that the license terms for Python respect your freedom. You can download and run Python without paying any money, and any program that you write with it is yours to use and share any way you want. It also means that the Python source code (the human-readable form of what the computer runs) is available so, when you’re feeling brave enough, you can look at how the Python developers wrote their code. (It’s written in a different programming language, though, d’oh!)
The Python programming language is named after a comedy group called Monty Python, not the reptile. Monty Python was active mainly in the 1970s. (40 years ago! Forever and ever, right?) They had a British television show called Monty Python‘s Flying Circus and have made lots of movies, the most notable of which is Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
Who uses Python
Python is used just about everywhere. Just take a look at the following list (which is not exhaustive). The point is that Python will apply to whatever you’re interested in, no matter what it is.
- In space: The International Space Station’s Robonaut 2 robot uses Python for its central command system. Python is planned for use in a European mission to Mars in 2020 to collect soil samples.
- In particle physics laboratories: Python helps understand the data analysis from some atom smashing experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
- In astronomy: The MeerKat Radio telescope array (the largest radio telescope in the Southern Hemisphere) uses Python for its control and monitoring systems.
- In movie studios: Industrial Light and Magic (Star Wars geniuses) uses Python to automate its movie production processes. Side Effects Software’s computer-generated imagery program Houdini uses Python for its programming interface and to script the engine.
- In games: Activision uses Python for building games, testing, and analyzing stuff. They even use Python to find people cheating by boosting each other.
- In the music industry: Spotify music streaming service uses Python to send you music.
- In the video industry: Netflix uses Python to make sure movies play (stream) without stopping. Python is used a lot for YouTube.
- In Internet search: Google used Python all over in its early development phase.
- In medicine: The Nodality company uses Python to handle information that they use to search for a cure to cancer.
- In your OS (admin-ing your datas): Operating systems like Linux and Mac OSX use Python for some of their administrative functions.
- In your doorbell: Rupa Dachere and Akkana Peck say that you can automate your home with Python, hooking up sensors to your house. With it you can, for example, open and close the curtains or automatically turn on lights when you come in the room.
What to do with Python
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With Python, you can learn to make such things as a math trainer for practicing your times tables or a simple encryption (a secret code) program. And when you’ve honed your skills over time, there are other things you’ll be able to do, such as:
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- Using Tkinter (or other widget sets), you can write user applications that use graphics rather than just text to interact with the user.
- You can extend other programs like Blender (a 3D modeling program), GIMP (a 2D photo-retouching program), and LibreOffice (office programs), among many others by writing custom scripts.
- You can write games with graphics using Tkinter or the Pygame or Kivy libraries. The games in this book are text only.
- You can use the matplotlib library to draw complex graphs for your math or science courses.
- Using the openCV library, you can experiment with computer vision. People who are into robotics use it to help their robots see and grab things and to avoid obstacles when moving.
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Whatever you want it to do, there’s a good chance someone has already written code to do it or to help you do it yourself.